Further Evidence for Shape Coexistence in

Isomers close to doubly magic _{28}^{78}Ni_{50} provide essential information on the shell evolution and shape coexistence near the Z=28 and N=50 double shell closure. We report the excitation energy measurement of the 1/2^{+} isomer in _{30}^{79}Zn_{49} through independent high-precision mass measurements with the JYFLTRAP double Penning trap and with the ISOLTRAP multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer. We unambiguously place the 1/2^{+} isomer at 942(10) keV, slightly below the 5/2^{+} state at 983(3) keV. With the use of state-of-the-art shell-model diagonalizations, complemented with discrete nonorthogonal shell-model calculations which are used here for the first time to interpret shape coexistence, we find low-lying deformed intruder states, similar to other N=49 isotones. The 1/2^{+} isomer is interpreted as the bandhead of a low-lying deformed structure akin to a predicted low-lying deformed band in ^{80}Zn, and points to shape coexistence in ^{79,80}Zn similar to the one observed in ^{78}Ni. The results make a strong case for confirming the claim of shape coexistence in this key region of the nuclear chart.

Study on Body Mass Index and Fasting Serum Glucose in Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease.

The BMI and fasting serum glucose was estimated in chronic kidney diseased patient to observe low body mass and the frequency of high in fasting serum glucose level in chronic kidney diseased patient (CKD). BMI fluctuations may indicate other serious comorbid conditions. Wasting is prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease. It is to be distinguished from chronic inflammation and malnutrition, which is defined as the consequence of insufficient food intake. Diabetes is the most common cause of kidney disease. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of kidneys, blood vessels, nerves, heart. This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Physiology of Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh from July 2014 to June 2015. In this study total 200 subjects were selected with age ranged from 25 to 60 years and divided into 100 healthy persons as control group and 100 CKD patients as study group. Both control and study group were further divided into 50 male and 50 female. Unpaired student's t test was used for Statistical data analysis. The mean±SE BMI of control group male and study group male were 25.04±0.13 and 23.87±0.41 kg/m² respectively. In study group male, mean±SE BMI was decreased. Result was statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean±SE BMI of control group female and study group female were 24.13±0.43 and 22.90±0.27 kg/m² respectively. In study group female, mean±SE BMI was decreased and result was significant (p<0.05). BMI was decreased in study group than in control group. The results were statistically significant. Fasting serum glucose was evaluated by the Enzymatic, colorimetric, GOD-PAP method. The results showed that the mean±SE fasting serum glucose of control group male & study group male were 5.31±0.17mmol/L and 7.56±0.37mmol/L respectively. In study group male, mean±SE FSG was increased. Result was statistically highly significant (p<0.0001). The mean±SE FSG of control group female & study group female were 5.11±0.11mmol/L and 7.37±0.33mmol/L respectively. In study group female, mean±SE FSG was increased & result was highly significant (p<0.0001). According to the above result, FSG was increased in study group than in control group. The results were statistically significant. Fasting serum glucose levels increased significantly in chronic kidney disease patients than the normal healthy persons. The increasing frequency of blood glucose level in CKD may predispose the patients to diabetes and increasing the other complications.

Study on Serum Total Cholesterol in Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease.

In the present study serum total cholesterol were estimated in chronic kidney diseased patient to observe the frequency of high serum total cholesterol in chronic kidney diseased patient (CKD) and to assess the incidence of hyper-cholesterolemia. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Physiology of Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh from July 2014 to June 2015. For this purpose, total 200 subjects with age ranged from 25 to 60 years were selected and divided into 100 healthy persons as control group and 100 CKD patients as study group. Serum total cholesterol (TC) was evaluated by the Enzymatic, Liquid, Colorimetric test - CHOD/PAP method. Statistical analysis of data was done by unpaired student's t test. The results showed that serum total cholesterol the Mean±SE of control group male and study group male were 164±3.20mg/dl and 220±5.96mg/dl respectively. In study group male, mean±SE serum TC was increased. Result was statistically highly significant (p<0.0001). The Mean±SE serum TC of control group female and study group female were 158±3.13mg/dl and 213±5.49mg/dl respectively. In study group female, Mean±SE serum TC was increased & result was highly significant (p<0.0001). The mean serum total cholesterol level was increased in study group than in control group. The results were statistically significant. From this study, it may be concluded that the increasing frequency of Serum total cholesterol level in CKD may predispose the patients to hypercholesterolemia accelerates development of atherosclerosis, increases risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the other complications.

Fasting Serum Glucose Level in Male Cigarette Smoker.

Cigarette smoking is a practice in which tobacco (leaf of Nicotina Tabacum) is burned and the smoke (heterogeneous aerosol) is tasted or inhaled. Smoking may be linked to insulin resistance that leads to impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Aim of the study was to assess the levels of fasting serum glucose level in healthy male cigarette smokers in order to compare this parameter with healthy non smokers. This comparative study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2013 to June 2014. One hundred healthy male subjects (75 male were cigarette smokers as study group and 25 male were non smokers as control group) aged between 16 to 40 years were enrolled in this study. Fasting serum glucose was estimated by GOD-PAP Method. Data were expressed as mean±SD and statistical significance of difference among the group was calculated by unpaired students''t' test. The mean±SD fasting serum glucose (FSG) levels were higher in smoker group in comparison to the non smoker group. There were gradual increases in FSG levels in the smokers as the duration of smoking was increased and these were 4.75±0.88, 5.12±0.67, 5.29±0.47 and 5.58±2.05mmol/L in group I, IIA, IIB and IIC respectively. This study concludes cigarette smoking impair the carbohydrate metabolism and increase fasting serum glucose level in accordance with the duration of smoking.

Study on Blood Pressure in Male Cigarette Smokers.

Cigarette smoking is a practice in which tobacco (leaf of Nicotina Tabacum) is burned and the smoke (heterogeneous aerosol) is tasted or inhaled. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly elevated among smokers as compared with non smokers. This study was done to assess the blood pressure in healthy male cigarette smokers in order to compare this parameter with healthy male non smokers. This comparative study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, from July 2013 to June 2014. One hundred healthy male subjects (75 male were cigarette smokers as study group and 25 male were non smokers as control group) aged between 16 to 40 years were enrolled in this study. Blood pressure of the individual was measured by an android sphygmomanometer with appropriate size of cuff and stethoscope. Data were expressed as mean±SD and statistical significance of difference among the groups was calculated by unpaired student's 't' test. The mean±SD of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in smoker group in comparison to the non smoker group. There were gradual increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the smokers as the duration of smoking was increased. This study concludes cigarette smoking increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure in accordance with the duration of smoking.

Changes of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Adult Asthmatic Patient.

Asthma is a common pulmonary disorder characterizerized by airway inflammation, airway- hyper reactivity, and reversible airflow obstruction. The classic triad of symptoms is wheezing, chronic episodic dyspnea and chronic cough. The prevalence of asthma increased steadily over the latter part of the last century, first in the developed and then in the developing world. The number of people with asthma in the world may be as high as 334 million. Asthma in Bangladesh appears to be a substantial public health problem: an estimated 11.6 million people including 4.1 million children suffer from asthma-related symptoms. A cross sectional study was conducted from January 1999 to August 1999 on 5642 Bangladeshi people and another same study carried out from November 2009 to April 2010 on 8088 subjects. In 1999 the prevalence of asthma was 6.9% whereas in 2010 it is 6.96%. Airway resistance is always increased during the asthmatic attack. Airways obstruction, such as that caused by asthma, results in a reduced and variable Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). PEFR is classically reduced in asthma. Recent asthma guidelines recommended the assessment of severity levels based on the most severe symptoms and peak expiratory flow rate. This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was done to find the changes of Peak expiratory flow rate in adult asthmatic patients and carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2014 to January 2016. Fifty (50) male and 50 (fifty) female adult asthmatic patients aged 18-60 years were included in the study group. They are enrolled from the Department of Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh and also from locality. For comparison age matched 50 male and 50 female apparently healthy persons were also studied as control. PEFR was estimated by Wright's Peak flow meter. For statistical analysis unpaired student's 't' test was used. Mean PEFR were significantly decreased in study group in comparison to control group and the result was statistically significant (p<0.001). From this study, it may be concluded that peak expiratory flow rate was decreased in asthmatic patient and there was a significant relation of decline lung function.

Study on Hemoglobin Concentration in Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease.

In the present study hemoglobin concentration were estimated in chronic kidney diseased patient to observe the frequency of low hemoglobin level in chronic kidney diseased (CKD) patient and to assess the incidence of anaemia. This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Physiology of Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2014 to June 2015. For this purpose, total 200 subjects with age ranged from 25 to 60 years were selected and divided into100 healthy persons as control group and 100 CKD patients as study group. Both control and study group were further divided into 50 male and 50 female. Hemoglobin concentration was evaluated by the Cyanmethemoglobin (CMG) method. Statistical analysis of data was done by unpaired student's 't' test. The results showed that hemoglobin levels decreased significantly in chronic kidney diseased patients than the normal healthy persons. The decreasing frequency of hemoglobin level in CKD may predispose the patients to anemia and increasing the other complications.

Interaction between Hypertension and Asthma in Adult.

Asthma has been defined as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that is associated with recruitment of inflammatory cells and the clinical development of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough. The prevalence of asthma increased steadily over the latter part of the last century, first in the developed and then in the developing world. Current estimates suggest that asthma affects 300 million people worldwide, with a predicted additional 100 million people affected by 2025. This cross sectional study was conducted from January 1999 to August 1999 on 5642 Bangladeshi people and another same study carried out from November 2009 to April 2010 on 8088 subjects. In 1999 the prevalence of asthma was 6.9% whereas in 2010 it is 6.96%. Both asthma and hypertension are spastic disorders of smooth muscle, there is the similarities between these two diseases may predispose the individuals with one disease to the other. This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was done to find the Interaction between hypertension and asthma in adult and carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2014 to January 2016. Fifty (50) male and fifty (50) female adult asthmatic patients aged 18-60 years were included in the study group. They are enrolled from the Department of Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh and also from locality. For comparison age matched 50 male and 50 female apparently healthy persons were also studied as control. Blood pressure was estimated by auscultatory method by sphygmomanometer. For statistical analysis unpaired student's 't' test was used. Mean blood pressure were significantly increased in study group in comparison to control group and the result was statistically significant (p<0.001). The study findings showed a high prevalence of hypertension among asthmatic patients than non asthmatic healthy persons. From this study, it may be concluded that hypertension and asthma are closely connected.

Erythrocyte Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Level in Type 2 Diabetes Male.

The patient with diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complication is increasing in our country and all over the world. There is also significant increase in the prevalence of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (eG6PD) deficiency in the men with longer duration of diabetes mellitus. To assess the eG6PD in type 2 diabetes male subjects to observe their enzyme status. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2011 to December 2011. Sixty male subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected with the age ranging from 40 to 60 years. Out of diabetic subjects, 30 (thirty) were with controlled (B1) and other 30 (thirty) with uncontrolled (B2) type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected from Outpatient Department of BIRDEM Hospital by random basis. And 30 age-matched, healthy non-diabetic male subjects were considered as control group for comparison. Erythrocyte G6PD level was measured by spectrophotometric method. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), HbA1c were measured by standard laboratory techniques in the laboratory of BIRDEM and Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka. For statistical analysis unpaired Student's 't' test was performed. The result was expressed as Mean±SD among the groups. In this study, eG6PD level was significantly lower in both the study groups. This study concludes that eG6PD level decreases in male with diabetes mellitus.

Imaging features and diagnosis of tuberculosis of the breast.

AIM: To outline the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, imaging features, and relevant investigations of the different subtypes of breast tuberculosis (TB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review was undertaken of all cases (33 in total) of breast TB presenting to Barts Health NHS Trust within a 10-year period, including patient demographics, imaging features, and route of diagnosis. RESULTS: Thirty-three cases of proven granulomatous TB of the breast were identified (11 mastitis obliterans, 10 nodular caseous form, five sclerosing form, four disseminated disease, and three abnormal axillary lymph nodes). No cases of miliary breast TB were identified. Fine-needle aspiration cytology aided diagnosis in six patients (<20% of cases); however, the majority of patients required further investigation; namely core biopsy. Over a third of patients (12/33) had multiple clinic attendances prior to diagnosis. Mean delay in diagnosis was 3.7 months (median 0 months, IQR= 3). CONCLUSION: Breast TB is a rare challenging diagnosis with a wide range of imaging features. Core biopsy is essential for definitive diagnosis. A multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons, radiologists, TB consultants, and microbiologists is required, coupled with a high index of clinical suspicion in order to aid timely diagnosis, and initiate prompt treatment to reduce complications.

Fasting Serum Glucose Level in Postmenopausal Bangladeshi Women.

The study was done to find out the causes that changes the fasting serum glucose level in postmenopausal women. This was descriptive type of cross sectional study carried out over a period of one year from July 2014 to June 2015 in the department of physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh. Women of reproductive age (25-45 years) and clinically diagnosed 100 menopausal women (45-70 years) were included for this study. Convenience type of sampling technique was used for selecting the study subjects. Measurement of fasting serum glucose was done by GOD-PAP method. Data were expressed as mean±SD and statistical significance of difference among the groups were calculated by unpaired student's 't' test. The mean±SD of serum glucose in menopausal women were significant at 1% level of probability than women of reproductive age. This study revealed that postmenopausal women showed higher levels of fasting serum glucose level. Fasting blood sugar level between the study & control group were 7.69±2.37 and 4.59±0.73 and the difference was statistically significant.

Hypothyroidism and its Effect on Menstrual Pattern and Fertility.

Hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders encountered in clinical practice. Thyroid disorder is very common among the female. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hypothyroidism on menstrual pattern and sub-fertility. This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with collaboration of endocrine department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from July 2006 to June 2008, cases were collected from the thyroid clinic of this hospital. Total study subject were 139, among them hypothyroid cases were 79 and euthyroid were 60. Among the hypothyroidism group 62.0% (n=49) had normal menstrual cycle, 21.5% (n=16) had oligomenorrhoea, 10.1% (n=8) had polymenorrhoea and 6.3% (n=6) had amenorrhoea. On the contrary in euthyroid group 86.7% (n=52) had normal menstrual cycle, 6.7% (n=4) had oligomenorrhoea, 5.0% (n=3) had polymenorrhoea and 1.7% (n=1) had amenorrhoea. Proportion of abnormal menstrual history was found to high among hypothyroid group almost 34% (n=27) compared to euthyroid group 13.4% (n=8) and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The proportion of primary subfertility in hypothyroid 11.4% (n=9) whereas in euthyroid cases 1.7% (n=1) and secondary subfertility in hypothyroid 7.6% (n=6) where as in euthyroid cases 5.0% (n=3). So, sub-fertility was higher among hypothyroid group compared to euthyroid group but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Overall sub-fertility was 13.7% (n=10) and it was 6.7% (n=4) among the euthyroid group. Among total hypothyroid group 60.7% (n=48) are the overt hypothyroid and 39.20% (n=31) are the sub-clinical hypothyroid group. The effect of hypothyroidism is significant on menstrual pattern and on fertility. Hypothyroid women had more menstrual disorders and also suffering from sub-fertility.

Role of protocol biopsy in early graft dysfunction in renal transplant recipient.

This study was designed to evaluate the role of protocol biopsy in renal allograft recipients. A total of thirty five kidney transplant recipients with a mean age of 35±5 years included in this study. Mean age of donor was 41±8 years. The study was performed from April 2008 to November 2009 in the Department of Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Immunosuppressive protocol used for transplant patient was, Cyclosporine 8mg/kg/day, Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 500mg twice daily, Prednisolone 0.5mg/kg/day. Protocol biopsy done on day 0 (Peroperative), day 14 and day 90. Stains used H&E and PAS. Cyclosporine blood level was done on 7th and 14th postoperative day and monthly for 3 months. Serum creatinine was done daily for 14 days & then weekly upto 3 months. Among 35 patients 23(66%) showed normal graft function and 12(34%) early graft dysfunction. Aetiology of early graft dysfunction includes 50% clinical rejection, 17% acute tubular necrosis (ATN), 17% cyclosporine toxicity, 8% graft thrombosis and 8% recurrence of GN. Per operative protocol biopsy showed normal histology in 28(80%) cases, in 4 cases 11% glomeruli showed sclerosis and in 3 cases 9% glomeruli showed sclerosis. At 14th post operative day 60% patients showed normal histology, 14% had clinical rejection (elevated serum creatinine along with histological features of rejection), another 14% had sub clinical rejections (normal serum creatinine with histological changes), cyclosporine toxicity 5.6%, ATN 5.6%, and recurrent glomerulonephritis in 3% cases. Among clinical rejection, according to Banff numerical classification, Grade-1 (20%), Grade-2 (60%), Grade-3 (20%) and among sub clinical rejections Banff Grade-1 (80%), Grade-2 (20%). Biopsy after 3 months showed normal histology 54.28%, clinical rejection 11.42%, sub clinical rejection 5.7%, borderline change 5.7%, cyclosporine toxicity 5.7% & 2.8% recurrent glomerulonephritis. According to Banff numerical classification in clinical rejection Banff Grade-1 (25%), Grade-2 (50%) and Grade-3 (25%). Among subclinical rejection Banff Grade-1 (70%), Grade-2 (30%).

The outcome of kidney transplants with multiple renal arteries.

The use of grafts with multiple renal arteries has been considered a relative contraindication because of the increased incidence of vascular and urologic complications. The aim of this retrospective study is to determine whether the kidney grafts with multiple arteries have any adverse effect upon post transplant graft and patient survival. After reviewing the records of 35 adult kidney transplants done consecutively at Bangabandhu Sheik Mujib Medical University over a period of 3 years (Jan 2005 to Dec 2007). Mean age of recipients. 43.46±12.11 years and donors 40.33±11.46 years. Twenty patients (Group A) had grafts with single renal artery and 15 patients (Group B) had grafts with multiple renal arteries. The incidence of vascular complications, ureteral complications, post surgical haemorrhage, mean serum creatinine level and acute tubular necrosis in both Group A & B were observed. Complications developed in 15(43%) patients in this series. In Group A, 1(5%) developed post operative bleeding cause perinephric hematoma, 1(5%) technical obstruction of ureter, 1(5%) sloughed ureter, graft nephrectomy 1(5%) and acute tubular necrosis 1(5%) patient. In Group B, 2(13%) patients developed hematoma, urine leak 3(20%), sloughed ureter 1(6%), graft nephrectomy 1(6%) and acute tubular necrosis 3(20%) patients. Though the kidney grafts with multiple renal arteries have been considered a relative contraindication because of the increased risk of complication. In this series incidence of complication was 43%. The higher rate probably reflects the small number of living related donors.

Intrathoracic kidney in adult with an abnormal presentation.

Intra thoracic kidney is a rare congenital anomaly. Pathologically thoracic renal ectopia is due to eventration of the diaphragm. Usually symptoms appear in infancy and rarely in adult with respiratory problems and with organ involved. This only patient presented with left sided chest pain and abdominal discomfort at the age of 52 years having repeated previous similar attack in the department of Cardiology. Chest X ray and ultrasonography of whole abdomen was done along with other routine investigations, which reveals an ectopic and elevated left kidney. Five percent of the renal ectopia is intrathoracic kidney. It usually is symptomatic in infantile age but adult presentation is also found.

Medical causes and histological pattern of glomerulonephritis.

Glomerulonephritis (GN) is one of the commonest causes of chronic renal failure (CRF) and end stage renal failure (ESRF). The outcome largely depends on the underlying medical cause, clinical findings and histological appearance. 1188 patients were taken in this study. Of these, 980 had primary and 208 secondary GN. Commonest histological types of primary GN were mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (31%) and membranous nephropathy (21%). Among patients with secondary GN, predominant cause was lupus nephritis (76%) followed by poststreptococcal GN (18%). Clinically, nephrotic syndrome was present in 54%, hypertension in 39% and renal failure in 28%. But clinical pictures were variable among different histological types of GN.

Oral dosing of rats with OM-89 results in the appearance of specific OM-89 antibodies of the IgG2a isotype: possible significance in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

OM-89 is a glycoprotein-rich extract of Escherichia coli shown to be effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It has been reported that oral dosing of animals results in the appearance of specific OM-89 antibodies. In the current study we have investigated some of the immunoglobulin isotypes that may be involved. OM-89 antibodies of IgG1, IgG2a and IgM isotypes were measured by ELISA in serum from rats dosed three times a week for 3 weeks at 4 or 40 mg kg(-1). The results showed a small but significant rise in IgM and a greater rise in IgG2a. The possibility that antigens within OM-89 (e.g. hsp65) may have homology with antigens involved in RA raises the possibility that OM-89 antibodies, particularly of the IgG2 class, may block pathogenic antigens from being recognized by T cells.

Study of pulmonary and autonomic functions of asthma patients after yoga training.

"The concept of yoga is helpful for the treatment of Bronchial Asthma", has created a great interest in the medical research field. In order to investigate whether autonomic functions and pulmonary functions are improved in asthma patients after short term yoga training, a study was conducted with nine diagnosed bronchial asthma patients. Yoga training was given for seven days in a camp in Adhyatma Sadhna Kendra, New Delhi. The autonomic function tests to measure the parasympathetic reactivity (Deep Breathing test, Valsalva Manouever), Sympathetic reactivity (Hand Grip test, Cold Pressure test), and pulmonary function tests FVC, FEV1, PEFR, PIF, BHT and CE were recorded before and after yoga training. The resting heart rate after yoga training (P < 0.05) was significantly decreased (89.55 +/- 18.46/min to 76.22 +/- 16.44/min). The sympathetic reactivity was reduced following yoga training as indicated by significant (P < 0.01) reduction in DBP after HGT. There was no change in parasympathetic reactivity. The FVC, FEV1, PEFR did not show any significant change. The PIF (P < 0.01), BHT (P < 0.01) and CE (P < 0.01) showed significant improvement. The results closely indicated the reduction in sympathetic reactivity and improvement in the pulmonary ventilation by way of relaxation of voluntary inspiratory and expiratory muscles. The "comprehensive yogic life style change programme for patients of Bronchial Asthma" have shown significant benefit even within a short period.